Fine Art, Fashion and Design - 1276 Words

My essay is going to be a discussion on whether fine art, fashion and designers are linked with each other. On starting my essay I looked up the definition of Fine art, the term is used to distinguish the variation of creative art forms, developed by humans. Some of the many concepts which fall under this category are painting, drawing, calligraphy, sculpture etc. I agree that fine art uses lots of visually appealing methods which seem graceful, like calligraphy the work produced is quite delicate and pretty. The area in fine art which I seek to specialise in is fashion it’s an expression in today’s society which defines the popular trends and style within clothes, foot wear and accessories. I feel that many designers of today create†¦show more content†¦The materials used and designs created just seems too creative to be just clothes, to me they are better suited as art piece which should be shown. Even decades after her death today, each new generation of wom en who own casual jersey or a black dress. Will experience the influence of Chanel, the use of minimalism, neutral colours and shape is use in many artists and designers work today. John Galliano is another notorious fashion designer, born in 1960 in Gibraltar. Galliano sold his very first collection, ‘Les Incroyables’ after graduating at Saint Martin’s School of arts; the collection was inspired by the French revolution. Galliano was also renowned for his flamboyant exotic catwalk, his amazing ability to duplicate inspirations from varies sources and recreating his own, his knowledge of studying survival garments and learning the methods to cut and drape new shape. If you were to walk in on one of his events you would most likely think you stumble across a theatre performance rather than a catwalk collection. His accuracy to creating the perfectly accessorize garments just shows how hard-working and well thought out his creations are. Galliano is an extremely in novative designer; all of his collection has been named to reflect the background research inspirations, he believes in order to push fashion forward one must first educate themselves of the past. And with that his inspired work comes from historicalShow MoreRelatedCareers of Design: Interior and Fashion Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pageslabor, and yet there are still many professions that fit into a different type of category: Fine Arts. Fine Arts is an unique category in which two special occupations fall into: a fashion designer and an interior designer. Fine Arts is a unique category that some adults’ jobs fit into. Fine Arts employs a majority of people who are artistic and are creative. However, not all the employed enjoy the Arts; some of the careers are simplistic and simply follow orders of a creative boss. These jobs doRead MoreVisual Arts : Visual Art Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesVisual Arts- an introduction Visual Art plays a vital role in shaping our culture and everyday experience. What makes a painting work? What inspires a sculptor to create? What makes a poster attractive? What draws the reader’s attention to a magazine on a newsstand? How to create harmony in our living spaces? The content of Visual arts are affected by many factors, including the language used and media of visual communication, historical and social forces, and the evolution of new modes of expressionRead MoreHarpers Bazar As A Fashion Illustration Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesMy chosen illustration for this image analysis is a fashion illustration from the 20th century called La Cage Improvisà ©e. It was used as the cover for the July 1922 magazine publication of Harper’s Bazar. The cover illustration was accompanied by the title, the year of the publication, and the price of the magazine. â€Å"Bazar assembles photographers, designers, artists and writers to deliver perspectives into the wor ld of fashion and popular culture on a monthly basis† (Georgievska 1). At the beginningRead MoreEssay on Having a Career in Fashion Design1260 Words   |  6 PagesHaving a Career in Fashion Design The fashion design career, has recently emerged as one of the most popular and competitive among young people. Those who actually succeed in design have a very individualistic personal style and don’t follow trends set by others. Having fashion design as your profession sometimes allows you to meet glamorous people. It can also put you in charge of what is in and out when it comes to clothing through ramp shows and fashion write-ups. Most designers have aRead MoreBecoming a Fashion Designer Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Mergarten Mrs. Malaspino English 12 A November 28, 2009 Becoming a Fashion Designer Cynthia Nellis, in her column â€Å"Day in the Life of a Fashion Couture Designer†, says, â€Å"... nothing is ever typical in the world of fashion...no day is ever routine, although we begin and end each day more or less the same: in early, out late.† Working as a Fashion Designer is a very busy, hard and challenging job. You have to provide a lot of strengths in creativity, marketing and determination; to beRead MoreArt Deco And Buhaus Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesArt deco and Bauhaus are best known as the forms of art that changed previous views of artwork during the 1920s and 1930s. Both of these forms of art impacted not only art itself but also architecture, fashion design, graphic design and industrial design. During this time new inventions involving technology where becoming popular along with the new forms of art and sculpture. A major effect on modernity occurred along with the designs being created during the 19th and 20th century due to the inventionRead MoreArchitecture And Art Concepts Today Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagescentury CE, the Romans are regarded as one of the more advanced civilizations in ancient history, with its roman arches, running water, sculptures, paintings, architectural designs, and use of a form of modern government. Even though this civilization is long gone, it still continues to influence design, fashion, architecture and art concepts today. One of the longest lasting impressions from Roman Times is their architecture, some of which still currently stands at the very places they were builtRead MoreFine Art And Commercial Art1456 Words   |  6 PagesFine Art and Commercial Art With rapid economic growth and improving technologies, many artists are increasingly become interested in commercial art. This trend is mainly influence by the fact that the financial gains in commercial art are much greater than in fine art. Since the designers are instructed on what to do by their clients, their level of creativity and ingenuity is minimized. This is partially attributed to the fact that many people have misunderstood the true meaning of fine art. HoweverRead MoreWilliam Morris : The Impact Of The Arts Movement1273 Words   |  6 Pagesin its own time† To investigate if this was true or not I looked and researched into an Art movement back from the era that had a big impact on nearly everyone and how it changed the style of everything so much. My chosen art movement was the Arts and Crafts movement as well as how the Islamic/Japanese art influenced the work of William Morris; I researched all the key practitioners majorly involved in this arts movement as we ll as some of the contemporary designers which could’ve possibly took influenceRead MoreMadeleine Vionnet s Madeleine 1408 Words   |  6 Pagesseparated when Vionnet was very young in age. Madeleine’s family was originally from the Jura and where known for being of the working class. Because of this Madeleine’s father put her to work before even hitting 12 years of age. Starting her work in the fashion industry, she became an apprentice for a lace make when she was 11 years old. Working long hours, with minimal pay, Madeleine was remind focused on her work. By the time Vionnet had turned 18 years old she had been married with a child and quickly

Criminal Justice Capstone questions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 336 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The system of criminal and social justice has been plagued with several issues that are making it to be ever changing in the society. Among many issue that has been associated with the social justice system, this paper will highlight about the equity and fairness.   The government of the US is working to make sure that it balances the acts in the constitution to make that all the citizens are protected from the effects that may arise as a result of living in a society where there is lack of equity and fairness. The system of social justice is overarching its societal apprehension about the issue of in equality and unfairness that could be triggered by factors like racial segregation and poverty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal Justice: Capstone questions" essay for you Create order The system of social justice employs the key concepts of fairness and correctness with the idea of promoting equality and equal opportunities to all the members in the society. The system of social justice in US has the main objective as to ensure that all the citizens can afford the same privileges and same opportunities and protection. This will help to address the issue of rights protection that as indicated in the US constitution. Some of these rights that will be supported by equality and fairness  Ã‚   in social justice include the free public education, equal opportunities in employment, right to participation in welfare programs and finally the universal right to participate in elections by voting. It is a fact that social justice is vast in the US and it is working to encompass equal economic, social and political rights for all citizens. However, the effectiveness of the social justice system has been slowed down by some factors like the individual liberties but there are set criminal justice processes to deal with the violation according to the criminal law. For instance, the American society has defined that it is wrong to treat people unfairl y and unequally and hence has set some laws upheld by the criminal justice system that in place to promote social justice.

The Older American Act 1965 Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Abstraction In 1965, Congress created the Older American Act, a federal and province bureau to turn to the societal service demands of the older grownup population. The end of the Older American Act is to assist the older population maintain independency in their places and their communities. The ripening services web refers to the bureaus, plans, and activities that are involved with the Older American Act. We will write a custom essay sample on The Older American Act 1965 Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the figure of older grownups addition, the demand for services is expected to lift. Along with the rise of demands there will necessitate to a degree of consciousness. In carry throughing its end, the Department of Aging responds to the demands of societies deriving population through a assortment of services. The Older American Act was enacted in 1965 with the intent of giving older American increased chances for take parting in society. The Older American Act specifies that all older individuals are eligible for services irrespective of income. An older individual is defined as an person who is age 60 and over, with penchant to those with the greatest economic demand but besides particular attending is given to low income minorities and older grownups that live in the rural countries. People 65 and older represent a little more than 9 per centum of the state ‘s population when the Act was enacted. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) By 2006, the figure of aged reached 37.3 million people and 12.4 per centum of the US population. By 2020, about one in six people will be the age 65 and older. Harmonizing to informations compiled by the provinces about 3 million people received services funded by the Act such as place delivered repasts, place attention, and instance direction on a regular footing. ( Le gislation and Budget, 2008 ) The Older American Act requires each province to depict within their twelvemonth programs on how they are traveling to transport out and give penchant to clients. Each of these demands is looked at when services are needed. Greatest economic demand mean the income is below or at the poorness threshold. Each twelvemonth the Department of Health and Human Services sets the poorness degrees. The poorness degrees for 2010 are presently at $ 10,830 for a one-man family and $ 14,750 for a two individual. ( AoA.gov, 2008 ) Greatest societal demand mean the demand caused by non-economic factors which included physical and mental disablements, linguistic communication barriers, cultural, societal, or geographic isolation which would curtail the individual ‘s ability to execute normal undertaking or endanger the fact to populate independently. Food Plans Harmonizing to the Centers for Disease Control, the norm 75 twelvemonth old has three chronic conditions and uses five prescription drugs ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) Nutrition and wellness can travel manus in manus. Bad eating wonts or deficiency of nutrient can take to hapless vitamin intake, weight issues, and overall emphasis. Based on the 2003 Food Security Supplement to the current population study conducted by the Bureau of Census, approximately 1.5 million families with older grownups reported that they did non hold plenty to eat. Lack of money was the primary ground. ( O’Shaughn, 2008 ) Older grownups populating in poorness were more likely to describe a hapless diet so older grownups populating above the poorness line. In many instances, older grownups are forced to take between purchasing nutrient and paying for medical specialty, public-service corporations, or other personal points. As portion of the Older American Act, the nutrient cast plan is available. The nutrient cast plan was designed to assist stop hungriness and better nutrition for low income. Food cast benefits are used to purchase any nutrient or nutrient merchandise for usage by people. For illustration, you could non purchase dog nutrient or lavatory paper with the nutrient casts. The nutrient cast plan is the largest service plan of the Older American Act about accounting for 40 per centum of the support. In 2006, approximately 2.6 million people received 238 million repasts ; 59 per centum of repasts were served to frail older people populating at place and 41 per centum serviced in congregate scenes. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) Congregate repast and nutrition sites are province and federally funded. Almost two-thirds of congregate receivers were age 75 and older and lived entirely. Over one quart had an income of $ 10,000 or less ; 58 per centum reported that the repast plan provided more than one-half of their day-to-day nutrient consumption. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) More than 6.5 million repasts are delivered to the homebound elderly five yearss a hebdomad. Food larders are besides available but are funded by province and community resources. Senior Farmers Market Nutrition plan is federally funded and provides vouchers to low income seniors to buy fruit and veggies at local husbandmans markets. The trade good Supplement nutrient plan works to better the wellness of people at least 60 old ages of age by supplementing their diets with trade good nutrients. The federal authorities provides nutrient and fund to the provinces to supplement so diets. The nutrient bundles do non supply a complete diet but alternatively points that are typically missing with population. Food bundles include a assortment of nutrients such as non-fact dry and evaporate milk, juice, farina, oats, ready to ear cereal, rice, pasta, peanut butter, dry beans or peas, canned meat or domestic fowl, tuna and canned fruit and veggies. Merely fewer than 433,000 aged participated in the plan in 2007. ( O’Shaughn, 2008 ) States set up an income bound for the aged that is at or below 130 per centum of the federal poverty income guidelines. State may besides set up residence demands and they besides can necessitate participants be nutritionary hazards, which can be determined by their physician or the burea u. Another federally funded nutrient plan is the exigency nutrient aid plan. The nutrient is available at local nutrient larders and the individual is provided with transcribed veggies and fruits, pasta, beans, and rice. For protein the bundle may include transcribed tuna, peanut butter and sometimes chicken. Since it is a addendum to other plans, the sums may change and typically, the nutrient that is provided should last 3-5 yearss. Medical Programs Medicare is a medical plan that is available to grownups that are having Social Security at age of 65 and older, having Social Security disablement after a 24 month delay and anyone with terminal phase nephritic failure. Medicare benefits consist of four parts. Medicare portion a helps cover inmate attention in infirmaries, skilled nursing installations, place wellness and hospice attention. It is free if you have worked and paid Social Security revenue enhancements for at least 10 old ages. If you have non worked to run into the lower limit so you would be required to pay a monthly premium. Medicare portion B helps cover physician ‘s services and outpatient infirmary attention. It besides covers some other medical services that portion a does non cover such as physical and occupational therapy, preventative attention, lasting medical equipment, research lab trials, X raies, mental wellness and some ambulance services. It besides covers the first three pints of blood if needed each twelvemonth. A few prescription drugs are covered under portion B. Examples of some that are covered are anti-cancer, dialysis drugs and doctor administered drugs that you usually would non bale able to take yourself at place. There is a monthly premium for portion B. Medicare prescription carpet coverage covers both trade name name and generic prescription drugs. Drug coverage provides protection for people who have really high drug costs. Part vitamin D is provided merely through private insurance companies that have contracts with the authorities. Everyone who had Medicare is eligible for coverage, irrespective of income, wellness, or disbursal. ( Werner, 2010 ) Medicare Preventive Benefits are used for testing and early sensing. Medicare covers the initial physical test, cardiovascular showings, mammograms, pablum trials, and pelvic test. This coverage is normally received from a private wellness insurance company such as HMO and PPO. Medicare private wellness programs must offer at least the same benefits as non-private wellness insurance companies. They are non required, nevertheless, to hold the same regulations, costs, and coverage limitations as Medicare provides. Medicaid is a federal and province plan that covers medical attention for older grownups with low incomes. Each province runs different Medicare plans for different groups of people. However, each has the same things in common. Each sate covered older people, people with disablements, and people who are blind. Each province does hold different eligibility degrees. All provinces have plans to supply place and community based attention with limited incomes that are in demand of these services. Each province must besides cover place wellness attention for those with limited incomes. You can hold both Medicare and Medicaid. Medicaid can cover services that Medicare does non. Medicaid can besides assist cover the out of pocket costs such as deductibles and copayments. Home Health Care services are prescribed by a doctor for a individual who is at hazard of hospitalization or following a hospital stay. These services can include nursing services, physical therapy. Occupational therapy, address therapy, and services provided by a place wellness adjutant. About one out of four families is involved in supplying aid to older household members and other older grownups. About one-half of household health professionals are employed full clip and about two tierces are employed either full clip or portion clip. ( Legislation and Budget, 2008 ) The bulk of health professionals provide unpaid aid for one to four old ages and 20 per centum provided attention for five old ages or more. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) About 7 million health professionals provide informal attention to older people in demand of aid. Home attention can include supportive and personal attention. Supportive attention includes ; place services such as cleansing, wash, cookery, and personal errands. Personal attention includes bathing, nail film editing, medicine, training, and if needed lesion attention. Each province is required to put aside financess to cover these services. Nationally the figure is little with about 300,000 people having attention in 2006. Harmonizing to 2004 informations, about two tierces of receivers who receive the place services lived entirely and were over 75 old ages old, with over four fifths with an income under $ 15,000. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) In the 2006, approximately 44 million dollars were set aside for place attention services. Older American Act services may be provided without the income and plus limitations that are under Medicaid. ( Werner, 2010 ) An of import portion of be aftering for long term attention is understanding how to pay for services. Long-term attention is really expensive and Medicare coverage will non pay for most of the long-run attention services that are needed. One twelvemonth in a nursing place, based on a 2008 national norm, costs over $ 68,000 for a semi private room. ( Illinois Department of Aging, 2009 ) One twelvemonth of attention at place, with the aid of a personal supportive attention worker three times a hebdomad, would be about $ 18,000 a twelvemonth. ( Werner, 2010 ) Costss for long-run attention services can be dependance on the type and sum of services that the client would necessitate. For illustration, nursing places around my country, charge supernumerary for services provide beyond basic room and board charge, which include hair assignments, therapy and activities outside the installation. Medicare merely pays for long term attention if you require skilled services or are recovering from a process and merely necessitate the services for a short clip. Other plans available The senior community service plan is a community service and work based preparation for older workers. It is portion of the Older American Act and it provides subsidised portion clip, community service work based on developing for low income people age 55 and older. Program participants work an norm of 20 hours a hebdomad and are paid minimal pay. Placement locations can include twenty-four hours attention centres, senior centres, schools and infirmaries. There are other services available through senior community service employment plan to help the older worker. Participants are offered services that allow the client to hold an single employment program created orientation, community service preparation, one-year physicals and aid in procuring unsubsidized employment. To be eligible for this plan the client must be at least 55 and non hold earned more than 25 per centum over the federal poorness degree in income. Employment precedence is given to people over 60, veterans and qualifi ed partners of veterans. Preference is given to minority, limited English speech production, and Indian eligible people. Preference is besides given to those who have the greatest economic demand. Based on engagement records more the 60,000 participants presently enrolled in the plan but as turnover and other occupation arrangements go on, more than 90,000 people will be served. ( Senior resource, 1999-2009 ) Adult twenty-four hours attention centres provide coordinated plans for seniors. Servicess are offered to supply societal and some wellness services to older grownups who need supervised attention in a safe topographic point outside the place during the twenty-four hours. Adult centres are normally unfastened during concern hours five yearss a hebdomad. In some communities, there are some plans offered in the eventide, but a bulk of the plans are during hours where the chief health professional could be at work. Social activities allow the interaction with other members in activities that can run from excursions, games, humanistic disciplines and trades, and exercising. Transportation system is provided and the client is pricked up at place and at the terminal of the twenty-four hours returned place. Meals and bites are provided and if needed can be specialized. Personal attention is provided to clients that need aid with toileting, training, and other personal activities of day-to-d ay life. Harmonizing to the national survey of grownup twenty-four hours services there are 3,400 centres supplying attention to over 150,000 clients a twenty-four hours. ( AOA.gov, 2008 ) Decision While this is merely a brief overview of the work that the Older American Act does for the aged population, it is proof that the authorities is working difficult to do the concluding old ages on this planet better for everyone. This statute law paves the manner for more plans in the hereafter to assist maintain the aged people safe from injury every bit good as independent and in their ain places for every bit long as possible. The ends of the Older American Act have been carried out through a web of bureaus on all authorities degrees. At a clip when the state is aging, it is of import to see that the best hereafter is created for the aging population. How to cite The Older American Act 1965 Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural. Answer: Introduction The global business and commercial framework has undergone considerable changes and experienced huge dynamics over centuries, owing to the changes in the social, economic, political, technological and demographics patterns in the international scenario. Over the years the global commercial scenario has become more integrated, inclusive and complex, much of which can be attributed to the international phenomena like Globalization, liberalization of trade and industrial sectors of different countries, technological and infrastructural innovations and other aspects (Peng 2016). These factors have enabled a considerably large and increasing numbers of businesses to expand their domain of operations from their base countries to other countries across the world. Expansion of businesses to different geographical domains, however, include incorporation of different aspects and challenges in the operational framework. Of these the primary challenges which the businesses face while setting up their operations in foreign countries are the challenges in the aspects of cultural differences, language barriers, communicational differences as well as the differences in the way of living and working of the people in the different countries (Ferraro and Briod 2017). These differences pose crucial challenges particularly in the domain of management of human resources in the company, which in turn has considerable implications on the success of the venture of the company in foreign country and the sustainability of its operations and prospects (Aronczyk 2013). Keeping this into consideration the essay tries to take into account the working of an Australian spices and condiments company, named The Naturo Condiments, and its operations in the Tokyo branch in Japan, especially emphasizing on the differences in their strategies of human resource management which they have to take in the two different operational bases in Australia and Japan. The essay tries to analyse the factors influencing the development and implementation of the human resource management strategies in their subsidiary in Japan and the reasons behind such differences in the strategic framework for Australia and for Japan. Importance of Incorporation of Cultural Differences Given the fact that the businesses in the contemporary framework are increasingly going global, cross cultural communication and management of human resources keeping into consideration the cultural differences between the different countries of operations become immensely important in the operational framework of the companies and The Naturo Condiments is no exception (Okoro 2012). Successful incorporation of cultural differences, in every aspect of their operations, especially in the management of the human resources, especially in their Tokyo branch can help them in having productive negotiations, a productive work environment and better prospects. However, to achieve the same, it is of utmost importance to analyse and observe the cultural differences which are prevalent in the companys two operational bases- their country of origin, Australia and the country where they have their subsidiary, Japan. Both of the countries in concern are rich in their own indigenous culture and lifestyle patterns which have evolved over the years and shaped up in terms of their own history, geographical location, natural resources, occupations, populations, principles of importance and mindsets (Piekkari, Welch and Welch 2014). Culture, as a whole shows the ideas, customs as well as the behavioural patterns of the residents of a society and is also a reflection of the intellectual achievement of the population of the different societies, evolved and modified with time. These aspects are thus, considerably important factors contributing to the success or failure of the cross-country business ventures and are therefore required to be analysed and c onsidered by the company in concern, especially while framing their business and operational strategies (Adekola and Sergi 2016). There have been different measures and indices developed over the years for the purpose of measuring the cultural differences and patterns in different countries. For the concerned research, the essay uses one of the most popular methods, known as the Hofstedes Cultural Dimension Theory (Taras, Steel and Kirkman 2012). With the help of the same, the essay tries to find the cultural differences between the countries in concern, Australia and Japan, with respect to six dimensions, which are likely to affect the human resource management of the concerned firm, in its subsidiary in Japan. Power Distance- The power distance index in the Hofstede framework reflects towards the distribution of power in the society and the level of acceptance of the inequality in the same by those who rank low in the aspects of power. A high value in this index indicates towards the presence of unquestioned hierarchical structure in the society where as a low value points towards the fact that in the concerned society power is more equally distributed and people have the right to question authority (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). As is evident from the above figure, Australia scores much lower (36) than Japan (54) in the index of power distance. In the organizations of Australia, the hierarchical construct is mainly built for convenience of the operations and the level of accessibility of communication of the superiors enjoyed by the subordinates are higher. Communication channels are also more informal and less tensed and not burdened with excessive protocols and regulations. On the other hand, there is a borderline hierarchical situation present in Japan (Warner 2014). The juniors need to maintain some distance and a level of respect while communicating with the seniors and the communication channels are also more formal. Individualism and Collectivism- This index shows the degree of integration among the individuals in a society. The societies ranking high on Individualism indicates towards the presence of individuals with direct and robust relations with their immediate family members and emphasizing on the welfare of their own and their immediate family (Triandis 2018). On the other hand, collective societies show strong integrated relations among the individuals and their extent families as well as other members of the society, with high loyalty among the in-group members. Australia, in this dimension score extremely high on individualism (90) as compared to Japan (46). This in turn indicates towards a highly individualistic culture in Australia, where people are mainly concerned about their own welfare and success and are expected to take care of themselves and their family members. In the work-front, thus, hiring and promotions are earned on the basis of capabilities and merits. Japan, on the other hand shows more collectivist trends than Australia, which in turn indicates towards the presence of a well-knit society, where individuals are concerned about each others welfare and where achievements are measured in terms of collective success of individuals in the in-groups (Mouer and Sugimoto 2013). Japanese are also seen to be more connected and loyal to the organizations in the work front and tend to be more emotionally attached to the same than the Australians. Masculinity and Femininity- A masculine society, according to this dimension, is characterized by their preference for heroism, materialistic achievements and rewards for success and assertiveness. On the other hand, a society scoring high in the respect of femininity shows strong trends of cooperation caring for the weaker sections, modesty, fellow feeling and preference towards an overall better quality of life (Hofstede, Jonker and Verwaart 2012). The score of Australia in this index is 61, which indicates that it is to some extent a Masculine society, where the individuals are driven by the ideas of competition and individual success and achievements, with the desire of becoming the winner or the best. The hiring and promotional decisions are also based on the individual success of the employees and their capabilities to achieve. Japan, on the other hand, scores 95 in this index and is one of the most Masculine countries in the global scenario (Bergiel, Bergiel and Upson 2012). However, their masculinity is not observed in the form of loudly competitive individuals due to the presence of collectivism in the society. In Japan, competitions generally take place among different groups with the objective of attaining excellence and perfection. In the workplaces also, the employees are seen to be motivated if there exist competitions among different groups and if they collectively win in different aspects (Dasgupta 2012). Japanese are also found to be excessively workaholic which is an expression of their masculinity and which also indicates towards the difficulties faced by the women workers to climb the corporate ladder. Uncertainty Avoidance- This shows the level of acceptance of new ideas and thoughts and level of experimenting and risk-taking attitudes of the societies. High scores reflect towards societies more inclined towards stiff regulations and guidelines and a tendency to go by the absolute truths and conventional flows. Low scoring societies, on the other hand, are more open and accepting towards new thoughts and ideas and there exists a free-flowing environment in the societies where there are less regulations and more ambiguity. Australia scores significantly lower (51) than Japan (92) in this context, which indicates towards the presence of a comparatively free flowing and more accepting society in the former where new ideas are easily pitched and heard and are often implemented (Matusitz and Musambira 2013). Japan is one of the most uncertainty avoiding societies, much of which can be attributed to their natural vulnerabilities which forces them to be always prepared. Life in Japan, is thus highly ritualized and people tend to prefer following conventions than experimenting new things. In the professional environment, the workers abide by strict corporate norms and etiquettes and business decisions are taken and new ideas are implemented after detailed and long-term discussion and exploration of empirical evidences (Frijns et al. 2013). Long-term and Short-term Orientation- The degree of linkage with past while dealing with present situations is reflected in this index. Low scoring societies are basically normative ones who adhere to age-old traditions and conventions, while the high scoring ones are more pragmatic in nature. Australia (scoring 21) is a normative society, giving more priorities to their traditions than on new ways of thinking. They also tend to have much lower propensity to save for future betterment. Japan (scoring 88) is considerably long term oriented, with the residents living by the virtues of good practical examples. In the commercial scenario, Japan is always seen to be investing in constant research and development, even at the cost of sacrificing short term lavish expenditures as the primary notion working behind this is that the corporate responsibility is not of making profits but of ensuring a larger contribution in the development of the future society (Stone, Luminet and Takahashi 2015). Indulgence and Restraint- As is evident from the terms, in indulgent societies people do not tend to control their own individual desires and impulses. However, in the restrained ones, there exists higher control over desire and indulgences. Australia is primarily an indulgent country (71), where the individuals are free to fulfil their desires and indulge in enjoying life, with greater optimism. On the other hand, Japan is more of a restrained society, with not much priority on leisure and fulfilment of individual desires (Beugelsdijk, Maseland and Hoorn 2015). The social norms in the society actually make the individuals feel that lavish indulging is a way of wrongdoing on the society. From the above discussion, it can be seen that there exist clear differences in the cultural differences in every aspect of human lives in Australia and Japan, which are expected to have considerable implications on the business decisions of the concerned company and can also be posing as challenges for the firm to employ and manage local employees in Japan. The company, being originally from Australia and being habituated in the Australian business environment, may face difficulties in terms of building a proper infrastructure within the human resource management domain of their subsidiary in Tokyo, Japan, due to the presence of considerable differences in the mindsets, expectations, way of working, communication and level of acceptances of the workers in the two concerned countries, which have been shown in the above discussion. Taking the above problem of concern into consideration, the only plausible way out for the concerned company, in terms of proper management of the operations in both the countries, is to incorporate the inherent institutional differences between Australia and Japan in the designing of the human resource management in these countries. The institutional differences which are to be taken into consideration are as follows: Employee relations- While designing the human resource management framework, the company needs to take into account that in Japan, employees tend to be abiding by hierarchical construct and are more comfortable in a strict corporate regulated framework, with proper dressing, talking and working (Shenkar 2012). The decision-making can also take longer time than that of Australia as it has to pass through different levels before being accepted and executed. Japanese are generally workaholic in nature and tend to thrive for excellence. The sense of community and working in groups, for achievement of combined goals is also highly prevalent in Japan than working individually, for individual achievement, which in common Australia (Brewster 2017). Reward and Recognition- One of the primary aspect of human resource management in any business organization is the structure of reward and recognition prevailing in the company, as the same has considerable impacts on the motivation of the employees and their performances, which in turn have direct implications on the performance of the organizations in the long run. In this context, considerable differences exist in the perception of rewards and recognitions by the employees in Australia and in Japan. Australia being a more individualistic society than Japan, employees tend to appreciate individual recognition and rewarding of their personal efforts more. Therefore, the organization needs to give individual attention and recognition to the workers and their achievements in their works to keep them motivated (Greenberg and Colquitt 2013). On the other hand, in Japan, the workers are not in general accustomed to individual recognition as they tend to keep the success of their groups over their individual achievements. In such scenario, rewarding and recognizing one employee exclusively may be seen as a form of separation of the same from his or her group, which can be perceived to be a selfish move and may not be welcomed by the employee himself or herself. Thus, while designing the human resource management strategies in Japan, the company needs to be more focussed on recognizing the achievement and success of the groups as a whole and rewarding the group as a whole, which in turn can help in motivating the workers in the group significantly. Work Environment- The work environment prevailing in the business organizations of Australia, there usually exists a free-flowing framework facilitating free flow of ideas and innovations and the companies also tend to be more accepting and experimenting in these aspects. However, while operating in Japan, the concerned firm needs to take into account the fact that the employees in the country are not as open and accepting or experimenting as those in Australia (Deresky 2017). Thus, they may not be easily accepting new modes of working and new work place arrangements and may only accept the same after sufficient investigation and discussion about the same. Also due to greater workaholism and desire for excellence, there may be strict competitions among the different groups. However, this is not something to be worried about as due to their mild and conservative nature, the competition is expected to stay confined to productive activities only. Career Development- Japanese workers tend to be less concerned about sole monetary benefits than their Australian counterparts. While one of the major objectives of the workers in their career development path is to earn more, the Japanese workers view development in their job roles and increased contribution to the future society as parts of their career development along with the increase in the monetary benefits (Bloom et al. 2012). These, have to be taken into consideration, by the concerned company, while designing their employees career development structure, as employee retention, motivation and satisfaction significantly depend on the same. Thus, from the above discussion, it can be asserted that there exist significant institutional differences in the corporate scenario of Japan and Australia, much of which stem from their inherent cultural diversities and differences in the overall thought process and mindset. These differences being significantly high, it is not a beneficial option for the company in consideration, to have one particular standardized Human Resource Policy framework for both the countries, because that would cause excessive over generalization and biases (Brewster et al. 2016). To keep the employees in both the countries motivated and eager to work with the organization, Naturo Condiments need to respect their diversities and incorporate the same in the human resource management framework. Conclusion The above discussion makes it evident that there exist significant cultural differences in Japan and in Australia, which have impacts on all the aspects of the life of the residents of both the countries, specifically on their professional domains. These differences lead to the creation of considerable diversities in the institutional aspects of the business organizations. 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